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This review is an attempt to compile the results of the worldwide explosion of research and development that followed the announcement of the first production of this material, meanwhile, reference is made to the work carried at Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI) over the past decade. Currently, ADI with its super strength can successfully compete with the lightweight alloys, a point which has yet to be fully understood by many design engineers.
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Moreover, the sustained efforts worldwide of the automotive industry to use lightweight materials have eroded the market for the heavier iron castings. The excellent properties of this material have opened new horizons for cast iron to replace steel castings and forgings in many engineering applications with considerable cost benefits. In the last three decades, the revolutionary material the austempered ductile iron (ADI) with its unique combination of mechanical properties, has been offering the design engineer alternatives to conventional material/process combinations. Test results shows that the plastic deformation at intercritical temperatures produced very fine ausferritic structures along with proeutectoid ferrite in the matrix.ĪDI - The material revolution and its applications at CMRDI In addition, the influence of these processing parameters on the mechanical properties was also examined. Effect of these processing parameters on the volume fraction of the phases and the ferritic cell size were examined. The effect of processing parameters such as the austenitizing temperatures, plastic deformation (percentage of pre-strain) and austempering temperatures on the microstructural features was examined. This unique nanostructured ADI will deliver cost reductions to component manufacturers in a number of industries via the energy and time saving in the austempering process as well as enabling a reduction in material costs by lowering component weight without sacrificing the component strength.Īn unalloyed nodular cast iron was austenitized in the intercritical region (where ferrite and austenite co-exist) and subsequently plastically deformed and austempered at several temperatures ranging from the lower and upper bainitic temperatures.
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In this investigation, nanostructured austempered ductile cast iron with a unique microstructure consisting of high carbon austenite, proeutectoid ferrite and bainitic ferrite was produced by a novel heat treatment process consisting of intercritical austenitization and plastic deformation followed by austempering. While there is significant development of various nanostructured materials in recent years, the application of nanotechnology in bulk structural material like iron and steel has been rather limited. Because of these advantages, ADI is now used extensively in many industrial applications such as automotive, defense, railways and earth moving machineries etc. These excellent properties of ADI are due to its unique microstructure consisting of high carbon austenite and ferrite. It has several advantages over cast/ forged steels like low melting point, high machinability, high damping capacity and low production costs. Processing of a nanostructured austempered ductile cast iron (ADI)Īustempered ductile iron (ADI) has emerged as a very important engineering material in recent years because of its excellent combination of mechanical and physical properties.